Category Archives: Health & Fitness

What kids will be missing when they go back to school.

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about the experience of heading back to school. But it’s really about what most kids won’t experience when they are in school—any meaningful education about nutrition, activity, and health.

To be sure, the time that students spend learning the math and science, reading and writing, and art and music is time well spent. Unfortunately, though, in most schools, this comes at the expense of health education. In fact, opportunities for children to be active in school, either through formal physical education or more informal play and recess, has declined over the years. Good nutrition isn’t likely to get much classroom time at any level and the food served in most school hardly sends a positive message about healthy eating. These are missed opportunities!

This isn’t new, of course. I have written about the both the importance of physical activity for growth and learning for children (and adults, too) and the impact of these missed opportunities before. And I’m certainly not the only one to take notice. Probably the most widely known advocate in this area is Jamie Oliver, and his efforts made nutrition and health in schools topics for discussion among parents, teachers, administrators, and politicians alike.

Exercise now can help you pass your vacation fitness test.

There are loads of good reasons to sit less, move more, and get regular exercise. But beyond the health and fitness benefits, regular physical activity can help you enjoy your next vacation even more. This is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

Since most vacations involve activity during sightseeing, visiting a theme park, or other pursuits, it can be a challenge to people who spend much of their time being sedentary. A long day (or two or three) at Disney World is actually a pretty good fitness test. And being active in your non-vacation life can help you fare better.

In the column I cited a study that shows that people feel better following an active vacation. You can read that study here.

Sports physiology in the Tour de France: It’s not just about doping!

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about the physiology of endurance exercise, using the Tour de France cycling race as an example. While much of the news surrounding this event has to do with the use of performance-enhancing agents, it is important to acknowledge the underlying physiology, training, and nutrition that makes it possible for athletes to perform at such a high level, with or without doping.

You learn pretty much everything there is to know about the race this year at the official Tour de France website.

The Discovery Channel made an excellent documentary about the science of cycling, featuring (pre-doping scandal) Lance Armstrong. Even though Armstrong is the focus of the show, the science applies to all elite cyclists. In fact, the show is an excellent teaching tool about the relationship between physiology, training, and equipment that is critical for performance in many sports. You can watch it on YouTube here.

Speaking of the science of Lance Armstrong… Back in 2005, Ed Coyle, Ph.D., an Exercise Physiologist at the University of Texas Austin, published a paper based on laboratory testing in the Journal of Applied Physiology about Armstrong and the physiological and biomechanical factors that may have contributed to his seven consecutive Tour de France victories.

Since Armstrong recently admitted to using a combination of performance-enhancing agents during that time, it is possible that doping and not the improved efficiency measured in the lab was responsible for his success. Coyle addressed this issue in a recent editorial in the same journal.

Go for a swim!

It’s summer and it’s hot, so it seems like a good time to write about the health and fitness benefits of swimming. Which is exactly what I did in my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

Swimming is a great way to get in shape, build muscle, and to help you lose (and maintain) weight. Lap swimming is is about as aerobically demanding and burns as many calories as land-based exercise such as walking or jogging. (Obviously, it depends on the stroke you use and how fast you swim).

Since water is more dense than air, aquatic exercise is lower impact that exercise on land. This means that water aerobics, aqua walking or jogging, and resistance training using foam “weights” or webbed gloves can be done by people with conditions such as arthritis or for injury rehabilitation.

Even swimming leisurely or playing in a pool or lake can burn a substantial number of calories, so it is a healthy way to beat the sumer heat.

If you are interested in using your pool for exercise, you can find information about aquatic exercise in general here and links to suggested exercises here. You can learn more about aquatic exercise specifically for arthritis and fibromyalgia, too.

 

Food science beach reads: learn about food and cooking while you work on your tan

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is a summer reading list of books about food  and cooking. It turns out that most people really don’t understand what they are eating or the processes that went into cooking their food. Knowing how food is prepared can help you make healthier eating choices, whether you are doing the cooking yourself or if you are eating prepared meals.

Here are three books about food science you can take to the beach (and one you can’t):

Cooked: A Natural History of Transformation by Michael Pollan

This is the most recent of Pollan’s excellent books, all of which should be required reading for anyone who eats. You can hear a nice interview with him about Cooked here and one about a previous book here (both are from Science Friday on NPR).

On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen by Harold McGee

Harold McGee also contributed to an excellent series about coffee on Science Friday on NPR. It turns out we can learn a few things about the first thing many of us consume each day.

McGee also has/had a column in the New York Times called the Curious Cook. It doesn’t appear to have been updated recently, but the older posts are still worth a read.

What Einstein Told His Cook: Kitchen Science Explained and What Einstein Told His Cook 2, The Sequel: Further Adventures in Kitchen Science by Robert Wolke

Robert Wolke also used to write a column called Food 101 in the Washington Post. The old articles are still available and worth checking out.

Modernist Cuisine: The Art and Science of Cooking by Nathan Myhrvold

This one is a workout both to read (it is a collection of six books) and to carry to the beach (it weighs over 50 lbs)! Even if you don’t buy it (it costs over $500) it is worth a look—the pictures of the cooking processes are amazing. In fact, a book of photos called The Photography of Modernist Cuisine is available for pre-order now.

Go for a walk when you fly. Ideas for staying active when you travel.

I typically don’t travel much, but I have been on several trips in the past month or so. Since I’m a bit of an activity geek, I have been noticing the opportunities for and barriers to activity that are present when traveling by air. For the most part, flying involves a lot of sitting—on the plane and in the airport waiting for flights. But it doesn’t need to be this way.

Staying active when you travel is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week. Of course, I’m not the only one who tries to move more when I fly, both on the plane and in the airport. For example, this guy takes being active between flights to a whole new level. (Yes, he is my hero.)

While it is possible to use your time in the airport to be active, it isn’t always the first thing you think of. Even though nearly everyone does some walking in the airport, moving walkways and trains are an easy alternative to walking the sometimes long distances between terminals. Some airports are better than others at encouraging active transportation in the airport.

For example, the Hartsfield-Jackson airport in Atlanta has a train that runs between the terminals. Right next to the train is a walkway that also connects the terminals. There are signs that tell you how far you have to go (it’s a little less than 1/4 mile between terminals) and art, history, and local information displays line the walkway. Other airports do this too, and some have elaborate light and music shows to keep you entertained. Others have dedicated spaces for exercise, like the yoga room in the San Francisco airport.

Not every airport has made this level of effort to help travelers be more active, but this should change in the future. The American College of Sports Medicine has a Healthy Air Travel task force that aims to develop more opportunities for activity in airports by providing information and other resources to airport management and travelers.

You should also try to be active during your flight, too. Getting up out of your seat (when allowed, of course) or doing simple foot and leg exercises is a good idea. This is recommended to reduce the risk of blood clots that could develop during prolonged sitting. Even though the risk of these blood clots, commonly called “economy class syndrome,” may be low, moving around during a flight is still a good idea.

Between limiting prolonged sitting during the flight and walking more in the airport, my guess is that some people probably get more activity on days when they fly!

Of course, there is another whole aspect of healthy travel that I haven’t addressed: making smart decisions about what to eat for meals and snacks. But that is a story for another time…

Keep your cool. How to exercise, work, and play safely in the heat.

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about exercising, working, and playing safely in the summer heat. By planning ahead and taking frequent breaks, you can help make your outdoor time safer and more fun for everyone.

You can learn more about exercise in the heat (both low-sci and high-sci information) from the American College of Sports Medicine:

Preparing for and Playing in the Heat (this is a low-sci article)

Exertional Heat Illness  During Training and Competition  (This is an ACSM position stand, so it is pretty high-sci)

You can hear from a true expert on exercise in a hot environment in this video. Dr. Brent Ruby is the director of the Center for Work Physiology and Environmental Metabolism at the University of Montana. The guy on the treadmill is Tim Hampton, one of my former students and now a graduate student in Dr. Ruby’s lab.

Marathon Minute: Overheating, not dehydration, is the danger [Via KECI]

The Health and Fitness guide to surviving a zombie apocalypse.

So, my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about zombies. More specifically, how a healthy diet and regular exercise can improve your chances of escaping a zombie invasion. Which is something that some people worry about.

If you aren’t worried about a zombie apocalypse you might be after seeing the movie World War Z, which opens this week.

Oddly, this isn’t the first time that I have managed to link nutrition and fitness with zombies.

My Friend Shannon is in the newspaper!

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about my friend Shannon and her remodeling project. I have been writing about Shannon on this blog for some time, but I thought her story was worth sharing elsewhere.

Shannon has been trying to do what I call remodeling–losing a little weight and adding some muscle. To do this she started an exercise program and is now exercising nearly every day. She has also changed her diet, focusing mostly on eating out less, reducing portion sizes, and eating more fruits and vegetables.

It has been working!

What is interesting about Shannon is that the specifics of her diet and exercise program aren’t the reason for her success. Yes, that is how she lost fat and added muscle, but she could have done that following almost any diet and exercise program.

What helped Shannon the most is that she changed her habits. For years she didn’t exercise much and ate a diet that consisted largely of unhealthy foods. This was mostly due to convenience–it was easier to eat out and not exercise.

Changing these behaviors was the real challenge. Shannon’s lifestyle and interactions with others supported her former habits. And changing these habits isn’t easy. It means saying “no, thank you” a lot and making difficult choices about what to eat and when to exercise.

But she has done it and learned along the way that she really can make those tough decisions. And so can everyone else. The key is to focus on WHY we eat what we eat and WHY we don’t exercise rather than obsess about exactly WHAT to eat and WHAT to do for exercise.

Weight loss reduces physical limitations and improves physical function.

Last week I presented a study at the American College of Sports Medicine Annual Meeting in Indianapolis showing that weight loss can improve physical function and reduce physical limitations. This study was also the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

In this study 48 subjects followed a low-calorie diet (~1200 calories/day) and participated in daily exercise (progressing to 60 minutes per day of walking). The diet and exercise programs resulted in significant weight loss, about 13 pounds on average, or over 1.5 pounds per week.

We assessed physical function using a simple physical test called the timed get-up and go test (TGUG), in which the time required to rise from a chair, walk 10 feet, and return to the chair was measured. The subjects also completed the physical functioning domain of the Short-Form 36 Health Status Survey (SF-36), a subjective reporting of health-related quality of life.

Following weight loss the TGUG time was lower, meaning the subjects were able to complete the test more quickly. The SF-36 Physical Function score was  higher. Together, these tests indicate that the subjects were experiencing improved physical function and fewer limitations to normal activities

This is important because physical limitations can have a big impact of quality of life. Being overweight makes simple physical tasks, such as bending over and tying your shoes, challenging. Losing weight can make these things easier, improving quality of life.

This is consistent with what many people who have lost weight report: “I feel so much better now than I did when I was heavy,” or “I didn’t realize how difficult things were for me.”

Sometimes, it’s the little things that count the most!