Tag Archives: nutrition

What is a healthy breakfast?

Everyone knows that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, right?

Eating a healthy breakfast provides energy to start the day, can reduce hunger to prevent overeating later in the day, and is important for attention and learning, especially in kids.

But what is a healthy breakfast? This is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

 Unfortunately, there is no specific answer to that question. I think most experts would agree that a good breakfast should include a combination of carbohydrates, protein, and even some fat but be low in added sugar. These broad guidelines suggest that there are many ways to create a healthy breakfast, even if it doesn’t include traditional breakfast foods.

Instead of making a list of all the foods that could be part of a healthy breakfast, I took the opposite approach and made a list of foods that shouldn’t  be part of a healthy breakfast. The idea being that if your breakfast contains these items,  it could likely use some improvements. And if you avoid these foods, your breakfast can’t be all bad.

So, here is my list of foods that almost certainly aren’t part of a healthy breakfast:

1. It has frosting on it.

I think everyone would agree that foods that are frosted are better classified as dessert than breakfast. That said, from donuts to Pop Tarts to breakfast bars, many unhealthy breakfast foods are covered with a layer of frosting.

2. One of the ingredients is marshmallows.

Just like frosting, breakfast foods that contain marshmallows are probably better choices for dessert. Marshmallows are found in cereals, granola bars, an other packaged foods that are almost always high in added sugars beyond the marshmallows.

3. It is topped with whipped cream.

A fruit smoothie can be a healthy breakfast. But a fruit smoothie topped with whipped cream is likely closer to a milkshake as far as sugar and calories are concerned. The same goes for coffee drinks. A mocha-caramel-latte with whipped topping may contain coffee, but it also has far more sugar, fat, and calories than you might expect.

4. It contains chocolate.

Research shows that eating chocolate may have health benefits. But the research involves consuming small amounts of dark chocolate, not chocolate donuts or chocolate-flavored cereal. Again, save the chocolate for dessert.

5. You are eating it in your car.

More specifically, you got the food while you were in your car, which means it likely came from the drive-through window at a fast food restaurant. Fast food is just as poor of a choice for breakfast as it is for lunch or dinner.

Of course, this is a work in progress and there are certainly some exceptions. And there is nothing wrong with treating yourself to a chocolate frosted donut once in a while. But if your daily breakfast includes items from this list, you could benefit from a breakfast makeover, and this list should help you avoid many unhealthy choices.

Honesty is the best policy

Being honest about your health is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

Have you ever justified your weight by saying you are “big-boned?” What about your eating and exercise habits? How often do you really eat out? How many days did you actually get to the gym last month? Are you being honest with yourself when it comes to your health? And are you asking others to be honest with you?

Being honest with yourself is essential for initiating health behavior changes and setting good goals. For example, someone who tells themselves they need to lose “a few pounds” may really need to lose much more and may not take their weight loss as seriously as they should. Convincing yourself that you are doing more exercise than you really are may mean that you won’t see the fitness or weight loss results you were expecting.

This type of self-deception is easy to do. Take body weight for example. The current standard for determining if you are at a healthy weight is body mass index (BMI), calculated from your weight and height (kg/m2). It requires a bit of math, so using a mobile app or online calculator is a good idea. A BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal, 25-29.9 is overweight, and if your BMI is 30 and higher you are classified as obese. To put this in perspective, a BMI of 30 is equivalent to about 25–30 pounds of excess fat.

Let’s say your BMI puts you in the obese category, suggesting you should lose weight. But then you think about an article you read about how BMI isn’t accurate because you can be considered obese if you have excess muscle, not fat. And then there was the story on the news suggesting that it is okay to be obese as long as you are physically fit. So, maybe you don’t need to worry about your weight!

See how easy it is to tell yourself that you don’t really need to lose weight. In reality, BMI is an accurate method of assessing your body fatness; the inaccuracies reported in the news almost always involve athletes or people with lots of muscle mass developed through physical labor. Be honest…is that really you? It’s also true that people who are fit and fat can be healthier than people who are thin and sedentary, but it requires a lot of exercise to reach that level of fitness. Again, are you really that fit?

Probably the best test is to take a good look in the mirror and be honest about what you see. Try to “pinch an inch” of fat around your belly. One inch isn’t necessarily a problem, but take notice if you can pinch a handful of fat. Measuring your waist circumference (or looking at your pants size) can give you the same information. People who have a high BMI because of extra muscle, like athletes, have thin waists. If your waist circumference is greater than 35 inches (for women) or 40 inches (men), you have excess fat.

This honesty also applies to others, including your doctor. Many physicians are reluctant to discuss weight and weight loss with their patients, and many patients don’t want to hear what they interpret as a personal attack. Don’t be one of those patients! Ask your doctor for an honest assessment about your weight and the impact it might have on your health.

This is a real problem. According to one report, only 39 percent of obese people surveyed had ever been told by a health care provider that they were obese.     To help combat this problem, the American Medical Association has developed resources to help physicians better communicate with patients about their weight.

Making changes to diet and activity habits is a difficult process, to be sure. Telling yourself that you don’t need to make them only delays getting started and can lead to poor health in the meantime. When it comes to your health, honesty is the best policy!

Eat smart, move more, chill out

The goal of being “more healthy” is a good one, but can include an almost endless list dietary, activity, and other behavioral changes. Some people may feel overwhelmed and unsure of where to begin. Furthermore, there is a perception that you have to implement all of the changes simultaneously or follow a complicated diet or exercise program in order to see results.

But it doesn’t need to be this way. My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week outlines a few simple guidelines that have the potential to lead to significant improvements in health, fitness, and wellbeing. Not only are these things you can implement right now, but they are scalable, so the more you do, the bigger the benefits.

1. Eat smart.Healthy eating isn’t necessarily about eating less or avoiding certain foods, it’s about making smart choices when you shop, cook, or eat out. Many problems with the typical American diet probably have to do with the fact that we tend to eat heavily processed, calorie-dense foods. The major difference between what we eat now and what most people ate before the current obesity epidemic is the processing our food undergoes.

You can eat smart by focusing on eating real food—fresh and minimally processed plants and animals—instead of the processed and pre-packaged food that is so common in restaurants and in meals we eat at home. That isn’t to say that all processed food is necessarily unhealthy, but it would be wise to shift the balance toward more real food.

This isn’t necessarily new advice…it was featured on the cover of a popular book in 2009, after all. But this message seems to have gotten lost in the chaos of health claims made by manufacturers in advertisements and on food labels.

You can do this right now by having a piece of fresh fruit, some nuts, or vegetables for a snack. Later, you can make most of your food purchases from the perimeter of the grocery store, and less from the aisles in the middle.

2. Move more. Most people spend too much time sitting and not enough time moving. In fact, the amount of time someone sits during the day has nearly as much impact on their health as their exercise habits. So, step one is to sit less.

Next, move more, which means just that—finding ways to be active during the day. This includes simple things like standing rather than sitting when you talk on the phone, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, and getting up off the couch during commercials. It also includes dedicating time every day for structured exercise or other activity like yard work, house work, or taking the dog for a walk. Every little bit helps, but aim for a minimum of 30 minutes per day.

Right now you are probably sitting, so stand up and stretch or move around a little. Later, go for a walk or do something active around your house.

3. Chill Out. With so much emphasis placed on diet and exercise, the health effects of stress are often overlooked. Chronic stress can have serious emotional, psychological, and physiological effects that lead to or exacerbate many health problems. While it is impossible to avoid all stress in life, minimizing stressors and managing the way you respond to stress can have important benefits.

Exercise is one good way to manage your feelings of stress as well as the effects it has on your body. Yoga has long been recommended to help reduce and control stress, but all types of exercise can help. Managing time better, including getting enough sleep, is helpful for many people.

Right now you can close your eyes and take a few deep breaths to relax. Later, spend some time doing something you enjoy.

So, if you are feeling overwhelmed by complicated and confusing health recommendations, keep it simple: eat smart, move more, and chill out!

Santa’s fitness report, just in time for Christmas.

Right now Santa is making the final preparations for his big night, from checking his list of good boys and girls to packing the toys in the sleigh and giving the reindeer a pep talk. As we can only imagine, a trip around the world in one night is quite a physical feat, so, like an athlete preparing for the Olympics, Santa has certainly been training all year for this  event.

Of course, Santa keeps his training regimen a secret. In my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week I make an educated guess as what he does to prepare in the “offseason” and how this training helps him maintain good health despite his less-than-athletic physique. Santa’s training likely includes a combination of endurance, strength, and flexibility exercises.

Endurance training, probably a combination of both high-intensity interval training and long-duration, lower intensity training, leads to a high maximal aerobic capacity and fatigue resistance. Proof for this is the fact that he flies away from each home with a hearty “ho, ho, ho.” If he were out of shape, he would be too short of breath to speak, much less give such a robust farewell!

Resistance training gives him the strength to repeatedly carry his heavy sack of gifts  up and down chimneys. In addition to traditional weight lifting, Santa probably also engages in plyometric training, which involves explosive movements that develop muscle power.

Stretching and exercises like yoga promote good flexibility so he can squeeze through narrow spaces and move quickly without pulling a muscle.

Santa certainly knows that proper training is only part of the answer, so he certainly focuses on sports nutrition, too. Many athletes use specialized sports drinks and foods that provide fluid, carbohydrates, and protein during long events. Santa relies on the cookies and milk you leave for him to provide the nutrients his muscles need to delay fatigue.

We can also learn an important health lesson from Santa. Even though he is overweight, through regular exercise, Santa has reduced his risk of health problems and maintained his fitness at a level that allows him to complete his necessary activities. Like Santa, all of us can benefit from being physically active, whether we are overweight or not.

Happy holidays!

Go Nuts (again)!

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about the health benefits of nuts. It is  a follow-up to a blog post I wrote a few weeks ago. This isn’t new, of course, since nut consumption has been recommended as a part of a healthy diet for years.

What is new is a recent study in the New England Journal of Medicine that shows that nut consumption was associated with a reduced risk of death from heart disease, stroke, and some cancers. The people who ate nuts every day got the biggest benefits.

That doesn’t mean that simply adding nuts to an unhealthy lifestyle will have some magical influence on health. In fact, the people in the study who ate the most nuts were also likely to do other healthy things like eat more fruits and vegetables, exercise, and not smoke.

The most practical advice is to eat nuts as a replacement for other snacks or to add nuts to salads and other dishes. While specific types of nuts have different health benefits, the recent study suggests that all nuts, including peanuts, are beneficial.

The mystery of how you can feel hungry shortly after eating breakfast explained.

Have you ever noticed that sometimes you can feel hungry—really hungry—midway through the morning, even after eating breakfast? Isn’t eating breakfast supposed to get you through the morning without feeling hungry?

The answer to these questions gets into why we eat and what regulates feelings of hunger. This is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

First of all, much of the time we want to eat we really aren’t hungry. Hunger is a physiological drive to seek food and is generally experienced as a negative sensation. It is a survival stimulus that got our caveman ancestors out of the cave to seek food, despite the threat of saber-tooth tigers. Hunger is a signal that energy and nutrients are needed and nearly any food will meet this need. In our world now, we rarely need such a powerful stimulus for us to seek food, and most people eat even though they aren’t truly hungry.

What we experience more often is appetite, a psychological sensation that motivates us to eat, usually in response to some sensory input. For example, the smell of fresh-baked cookies makes most people want to eat, even after a meal. In this case, it is the idea of food that triggers the sensation, not a physiological need for nutrients. Additionally, appetite is usually specific to a certain food we crave, like cookies.

One of the problems we face is that we often confuse appetite (wanting something to eat) with hunger (needing something to eat). This can lead to overeating.

It turns out that the foods we eat help determine how much we will eat in a meal and  contribute to our feelings of hunger later. A meal that contains a combination of foods providing carbohydrates, protein, fat, and fiber tend to make us feel full sooner, so we may eat less in that meal. By contrast, eating foods that contain primarily carbohydrates, especially refined grains and sugar, don’t have the same effect, and we can take in more calories before our brain gets the signal that we are full. This is called satiation.

That isn’t all. What you eat for one meal can influence how quickly you will feel ready to eat again later. This effect is called satiety. A meal that contains mostly refined carbohydrates can lead to feelings of hunger shortly after a meal. This why you can feel hungry midway through the morning after a breakfast consisting of a donut and juice.

One recommendation to help people eat less to lose weight is to eat foods that are high in fiber such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables, since these foods tend to make us feel full sooner. Meals that contain a combination of nutrients, especially protein, can also help us go longer between meals.

So instead of a donut and juice for breakfast, try a piece of fruit (fiber!) and something containing protein, like an egg or yogurt.

Realistic advice for a healthy Thanksgiving.

Let’s face it…Thanksgiving isn’t the healthiest of holidays. It usually involves some combination of food, relaxing, watching the parade or a football game, and more food. Then it’s time for leftover turkey sandwiches and more pie.

I’m sure you have seen the  recommendations about how to make Thanksgiving a bit more healthy which usually include avoiding high-fat and high-calorie foods, limiting your portion sizes, and skipping dessert. While this is good advice, it isn’t realistic. After all, Thanksgiving is a day for food and family, not counting calories.

I think a better approach is to accept that you will overeat on Thanksgiving and not worry about the food so much. Instead, focus on including activity in your day. Going for a walk before dinner can help reduce the effect the meal has on your blood lipids and going for a walk after dinner gets you out of the house and away from the food.

The end result is that a little activity can make your Thanksgiving a bit healthier. And if you make going for a walk (or two) every day a habit, the health benefits will extend into the New Year.

This is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week. Go ahead, check it out.

Go Nuts!

A new study suggests that going nuts is good for your health. Published in the New England Journal of Medicine this week, the study shows that regular nut consumption is associated with a lower risk of death from many leading causes of death, including heart disease and cancer. (If you aren’t motivated to read a journal article, this video will give you the key points from the study.)

The reduction of risk was greater with more frequent nut consumption. For example, the risk of death from all causes was 11% lower among men and women who consumed nuts once per week and 20% lower among those who consumed nuts seven or more times per week. 

This is level of nut consumption could be met by a common recommendation to consume 1–1.5 ounces of nuts as a snack every day.

One thing to keep in mind is that the health benefits of nut consumption might be due to other positive lifestyle factors that go along with greater nut consumption. Indeed, the authors noted that, “As compared with participants who consumed nuts less frequently, those who consumed nuts more frequently were leaner, less likely to smoke, more likely to exercise, and more likely to use multi-vitamin supplements; they also consumed more fruits and vegetables and drank more alcohol.” Although these other factors were controlled for in the study, common sense suggests that the reduction in risk is due to a combination of beneficial health behaviors.

This is an important point. A person who eats in unhealthy diet, is sedentary, and smokes is unlikely to realize the  health benefits of increasing nut consumption. Achieving the full benefits of nut consumption also certainly means adopting other healthy behaviors.

This is good news! Eating more nuts is a relatively easy dietary change to make. And as this study shows, it can lead to a reduced risk of death from some common diseases. So…go nuts!

Could you be The Biggest Loser?

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about the popular television show The Biggest Loser. In the column I address the question, could a viewer at home duplicate the weight loss results of the contestants on the show?

In my column I include data on average weight loss of the winners of the past 14 season, which I found here.

I also cited the results of a  study examining the contributions to weight loss experienced by Biggest Loser contestants. It is interesting reading.

 

Your DIY health care plan.

The new health care law, the Affordable Care Act, has been the center of controversy for some time. Claims that it is unconstitutional (it’s not), concerns about how it will affect employer-offered health care coverage, and recent reports of problems with the registration website, have led to confusion and frustration among citizens. The confusion is so great that some people don’t even know whether or not they support the A.C.A.!

In addition to expand access to affordable health care, the Affordable Care Act should also make it easier for people to get preventive care. However, it is not clear (at least to me) exactly how effective that will be. Furthermore, there still appears to be an interest in repealing the law in the future.

Given this uncertainty, it makes sense for us to take steps now to improve our health now and stay healthy in the future. The good news is that a few simple lifestyle modifications, including being active, eating a healthy diet, managing stress, and quitting smoking, will go a long way towards promoting good health, regardless of what happens with the Affordable Care Act.

You can read more in my Health & Fitness column this week in the Aiken Standard.