Tag Archives: exercise

Should you exercise after donating blood?

January is National Blood Donor Month, a chance to acknowledge the contributions of those who donate blood and raise awareness about the importance of blood donation. The effect of blood donation on exercise is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

Donating blood is one of the simplest ways you can help others who have been injured, undergo surgery, or who are being treated for conditions like cancer or blood clotting disorders. According to the American Red Cross, over 9 million Americans donate blood each year, but that is a fraction of those who are eligible.

Donated blood contains red blood cells that carry oxygen, platelets that are important for blood clotting, and plasma, the liquid component that also contains factors used to treat clotting disorders. Whole blood can used to replace what is lost due to injuries and surgery or can be separated into individual components, so one pint of blood can be used help multiple people.

A typical blood donation involves the removal of 450 ml, or about one pint, of blood. Since this is only about one-tenth of an adult’s blood volume, it is safe for those who meet the age, weight, and other health criteria to donate. After donation, the plasma portion of your blood, which is mostly water, is replaced by your body within 24 hours, but it can take 4–6 weeks to completely replace the red blood cells.

Blood donors are usually instructed to avoid strenuous activity for 24–48 hours. Donors may feel symptoms of low blood pressure, such as dizziness or lightheadedness. Vigorous activity can make this more likely, and staying hydrated can help reduce these symptoms. Since the red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen to your tissues, including your muscles, donating blood may limit your ability to exercise, especially if it is intense.

Research, including a study done in our lab at USC Aiken, shows that donating a pint of blood can decrease peak aerobic power, a key measure of fitness, for up to 3 weeks in healthy young adults. Athletes and others who are engaged in vigorous training may need to take it easy for a few days after donating.

The effect of blood donation on exercise makes sense when you think of it as the opposite of blood doping, the technique used by some endurance athletes to boost performance. Blood doping is accomplished by infusing either whole blood, usually that the athlete “donated” to themselves, or injecting erythropoietin (EPO), the natural hormone that stimulates the body to produce more red blood cells. Both have a similar effect: a higher number of red blood cells delivers more oxygen to the muscles, allowing the athletes to run, cycle, and ski faster and longer without fatigue.

Blood doping is illegal and athletes who get caught are fined, suspended, or even banned from their sport. You may remember that Lance Armstrong, the celebrated American cyclist, lost both fame and fortune after his doping scandal became public. This is something we are certain to hear about again as the winter Olympics get underway next month and athletes are looking for ways to improve their chances of winning a gold medal.

In contrast to blood doping, blood donation is legal and encouraged! The great many benefits of blood donation far outweigh the potential effects on exercise performance, which are unlikely to disrupt most people’s exercise programs.

There is still time to celebrate National Blood Donor Month by visiting a local blood center. Or, if you prefer, you can celebrate the Olympics by doing the opposite of blood doping—donating blood!

Eat smart, move more, chill out

The goal of being “more healthy” is a good one, but can include an almost endless list dietary, activity, and other behavioral changes. Some people may feel overwhelmed and unsure of where to begin. Furthermore, there is a perception that you have to implement all of the changes simultaneously or follow a complicated diet or exercise program in order to see results.

But it doesn’t need to be this way. My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week outlines a few simple guidelines that have the potential to lead to significant improvements in health, fitness, and wellbeing. Not only are these things you can implement right now, but they are scalable, so the more you do, the bigger the benefits.

1. Eat smart.Healthy eating isn’t necessarily about eating less or avoiding certain foods, it’s about making smart choices when you shop, cook, or eat out. Many problems with the typical American diet probably have to do with the fact that we tend to eat heavily processed, calorie-dense foods. The major difference between what we eat now and what most people ate before the current obesity epidemic is the processing our food undergoes.

You can eat smart by focusing on eating real food—fresh and minimally processed plants and animals—instead of the processed and pre-packaged food that is so common in restaurants and in meals we eat at home. That isn’t to say that all processed food is necessarily unhealthy, but it would be wise to shift the balance toward more real food.

This isn’t necessarily new advice…it was featured on the cover of a popular book in 2009, after all. But this message seems to have gotten lost in the chaos of health claims made by manufacturers in advertisements and on food labels.

You can do this right now by having a piece of fresh fruit, some nuts, or vegetables for a snack. Later, you can make most of your food purchases from the perimeter of the grocery store, and less from the aisles in the middle.

2. Move more. Most people spend too much time sitting and not enough time moving. In fact, the amount of time someone sits during the day has nearly as much impact on their health as their exercise habits. So, step one is to sit less.

Next, move more, which means just that—finding ways to be active during the day. This includes simple things like standing rather than sitting when you talk on the phone, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, and getting up off the couch during commercials. It also includes dedicating time every day for structured exercise or other activity like yard work, house work, or taking the dog for a walk. Every little bit helps, but aim for a minimum of 30 minutes per day.

Right now you are probably sitting, so stand up and stretch or move around a little. Later, go for a walk or do something active around your house.

3. Chill Out. With so much emphasis placed on diet and exercise, the health effects of stress are often overlooked. Chronic stress can have serious emotional, psychological, and physiological effects that lead to or exacerbate many health problems. While it is impossible to avoid all stress in life, minimizing stressors and managing the way you respond to stress can have important benefits.

Exercise is one good way to manage your feelings of stress as well as the effects it has on your body. Yoga has long been recommended to help reduce and control stress, but all types of exercise can help. Managing time better, including getting enough sleep, is helpful for many people.

Right now you can close your eyes and take a few deep breaths to relax. Later, spend some time doing something you enjoy.

So, if you are feeling overwhelmed by complicated and confusing health recommendations, keep it simple: eat smart, move more, and chill out!

Just in time–New Year’s resolutions that will actually help you achieve your goals.

There are just a few more hours until you have to get started on your New Year’s resolutions.

There are also a few more hours to make New Year’s resolutions, if you are a procrastinator.

The most common resolutions are changes to improve health, including quitting smoking, losing weight, and starting an exercise program. Many people who make these–and other–resolutions get off to a good start, but most will end up failing to meet their goals.

While there are many reasons why people don’t keep their resolutions, part of the problem might be that these should not be the only New Year’s resolutions you make. Resolutions should be the things you need to do to achieve your goals, not the goal itself. Here is an example:

Losing 20 pounds is a good goal for many people. But what that really means is learning about a healthy way to eat, shopping for and preparing appropriate meals, finding time to exercise each day, and focusing on turning these behaviors into lasting habits. In this example, learning how to shop for and prepare healthy meals would make an excellent resolution that would lead toward the goal of losing 20 pounds.

The idea of making resolutions that are steps in the process leading toward a goal instead of the goal itself is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week. Here are a few resolutions that can help you achieve your health improvement goals, whatever they may be:

Be realistic
Many people fail to keep their New Year’s resolutions simply because they don’t set realistic goals or aren’t realistic about what it will take to meet those goals. For example, running a marathon is an ambitious goal for almost everyone, especially someone who doesn’t exercise at all. It is possible that someone could get in shape to run a marathon, but it will take a long time. A resolution to work up to jogging five days per week, with a goal of completing a 10 k run is more realistic and achievable.

Focus on learning
Making most health behavior changes involve learning as much as doing. Something as simple as eating a healthier meals requires learning about the nutrients that make some foods healthier than others, learning to read food labels to select healthy foods, and learning how to cook and prepare healthy meals. If your resolution is to learn about healthy meals you will be able to achieve that goal and be well on your way to eating a healthier diet.

Manage your time
Most health improvement projects require taking time to learn about, implement, and maintain those healthy behaviors. A major reason the people fail to really get started with or sustain a weight loss or exercise program is time. If you resolve to manage your time to include exercise or meal preparation in your daily schedule you will be much more likely to meet your goals. Trying to add these new activities as “extras” to your already busy day will inevitably lead to them getting squeezed out.

Plan ahead
Most people already know that changing health behaviors can be challenging, even under the best circumstances. It’s no wonder that holidays, travel, and other life events can complicate or even derail an otherwise successful diet or exercise program. Make it your resolution to think about what you can do before, during, and after these (and other) disruptions to your routine to keep yourself on track. Planning ahead and thinking “what if” can make the difference between giving up and catching up on your diet or exercise program after a vacation.

Have a happy and healthy New Year!

Santa’s fitness report, just in time for Christmas.

Right now Santa is making the final preparations for his big night, from checking his list of good boys and girls to packing the toys in the sleigh and giving the reindeer a pep talk. As we can only imagine, a trip around the world in one night is quite a physical feat, so, like an athlete preparing for the Olympics, Santa has certainly been training all year for this  event.

Of course, Santa keeps his training regimen a secret. In my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week I make an educated guess as what he does to prepare in the “offseason” and how this training helps him maintain good health despite his less-than-athletic physique. Santa’s training likely includes a combination of endurance, strength, and flexibility exercises.

Endurance training, probably a combination of both high-intensity interval training and long-duration, lower intensity training, leads to a high maximal aerobic capacity and fatigue resistanceProof for this is the fact that he flies away from each home with a hearty “ho, ho, ho.” If he were out of shape, he would be too short of breath to speak, much less give such a robust farewell!

Resistance training gives him the strength to repeatedly carry his heavy sack of gifts  up and down chimneys. In addition to traditional weight lifting, Santa probably also engages in plyometric training, which involves explosive movements that develop muscle power.

Stretching and exercises like yoga promote good flexibility so he can squeeze through narrow spaces and move quickly without pulling a muscle.

Santa certainly knows that proper training is only part of the answer, so he certainly focuses on sports nutrition, too. Many athletes use specialized sports drinks and foods that provide fluid, carbohydrates, and protein during long events. Santa relies on the cookies and milk you leave for him to provide the nutrients his muscles need to delay fatigue.

We can also learn an important health lesson from Santa. Even though he is overweight, through regular exercise, Santa has reduced his risk of health problems and maintained his fitness at a level that allows him to complete his necessary activities. Like Santa, all of us can benefit from being physically active, whether we are overweight or not.

Happy holidays!

The Health & Fitness holiday gift guide.

If you haven’t finished your holiday shopping yet, you are not alone. As of last week, the average shopper still has half of their gift buying left to do. The good news is that there is still time to pick out perfect gifts for your friends and family, including gifts that will help them meet their health and fitness New Year’s resolutions.

There are many good gifts that can help people get started on their exercise or weight loss programs. Gift guides including gadgets, apps, clothing, and other gear, like this one from Greatist.com. Many of these tools would no doubt be useful for getting people motivated, providing feedback, and even some healthy competition through social networking.

But these are not the things that people really need to begin and be successful making diet and activity changes. After all, no one ever quit an exercise program or failed at losing weight because they didn’t have the right nutrition app or the latest activity tracker. The real reason people struggle is because of factors like time and support from family and friends in the real, not virtual, world.

In my Health & Fitness column this week in the Aiken Standard  I provide a practical gift guide. These are the things you can give your friends or family members to really help them make their healthy lifestyle changes:

1. Time. The most common reason that people quit an exercise program or struggle with weight loss is because of time. That includes time to exercise, obviously. But it also includes time to plan, shop for, and prepare healthy meals and snacks. This year, give the gift of time. Commit to helping your friend or family member plan time to focus on their program and dedicate yourself to taking on some responsibilities to help them do that.

2. Help. In addition to helping find time, you should commit to actually doing things to facilitate your friend or family member’s health improvement program. Taking on chores and projects around the house, picking up the kids after school, and helping with shopping and cooking are examples of things you can do.

3. Support. Anyone who makes a major lifestyle change needs the support of others to be successful. Your role can be to provide encouragement, ask about progress, and take your friend’s program into account when planning meals and other activities together. You should also be ready to provide a gentle (or not-so-gentle) nudge when you see them getting off track.

4. A buddy. People who take on an exercise program with others are more likely to stick with it and be successful. So get involved with your friend or family member. Going for a walk together during a break at work or developing a healthy eating plan as a family is an excellent way to play along. Chances are, these healthy changes will benefit you, too.

So, if you really want to help someone in your life make lasting healthy changes, use the remaining shopping days to come up with a plan. Leave the stress of shopping to everyone else!

Realistic advice for a healthy Thanksgiving.

Let’s face it…Thanksgiving isn’t the healthiest of holidays. It usually involves some combination of food, relaxing, watching the parade or a football game, and more food. Then it’s time for leftover turkey sandwiches and more pie.

I’m sure you have seen the  recommendations about how to make Thanksgiving a bit more healthy which usually include avoiding high-fat and high-calorie foods, limiting your portion sizes, and skipping dessert. While this is good advice, it isn’t realistic. After all, Thanksgiving is a day for food and family, not counting calories.

I think a better approach is to accept that you will overeat on Thanksgiving and not worry about the food so much. Instead, focus on including activity in your day. Going for a walk before dinner can help reduce the effect the meal has on your blood lipids and going for a walk after dinner gets you out of the house and away from the food.

The end result is that a little activity can make your Thanksgiving a bit healthier. And if you make going for a walk (or two) every day a habit, the health benefits will extend into the New Year.

This is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week. Go ahead, check it out.

Weight loss and exercise project management

Almost everyone who starts a weight loss of exercise program does so with good intentions. Many get off to a good start and see beneficial results, at least initially. Unfortunately, long-term success is uncommon.

There are myriad reasons for this, but the way people manage their weight loss and exercise efforts is certainly among them. Think about it: when someone takes on a new diet or exercise program it is usually added to their typical routine. The problem with this approach  is that most people are busy, and there is little extra time in their day. As a consequence, the diet and exercise doesn’t get the time or attention is needs in order for people to be successful.

This is where the lessons of good project management can be helpful. In the workplace a major project is usually accomplished though defining the scope to the project, appropriate goal setting, allocation of resources (including time), and a mechanism to assess progress.

But many people who approach projects this way at work tend not to apply this process to health improvement projects at home. The result is poor planning, setting unrealistic goals, and failure to allocate appropriate resources, including time.

Especially time. Time to set goals, time to plan and prepare meals,  time to exercise, and, perhaps most important, time to assess and adjust the plan along the way.

Many of these problems could be avoided through the same good project management techniques that would be used at work. The idea of treating weight loss, exercise, and other health improvements as a project is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

Could you be The Biggest Loser?

My Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week is about the popular television show The Biggest Loser. In the column I address the question, could a viewer at home duplicate the weight loss results of the contestants on the show?

In my column I include data on average weight loss of the winners of the past 14 season, which I found here.

I also cited the results of a  study examining the contributions to weight loss experienced by Biggest Loser contestants. It is interesting reading.

 

Your DIY health care plan.

The new health care law, the Affordable Care Act, has been the center of controversy for some time. Claims that it is unconstitutional (it’s not), concerns about how it will affect employer-offered health care coverage, and recent reports of problems with the registration website, have led to confusion and frustration among citizens. The confusion is so great that some people don’t even know whether or not they support the A.C.A.!

In addition to expand access to affordable health care, the Affordable Care Act should also make it easier for people to get preventive care. However, it is not clear (at least to me) exactly how effective that will be. Furthermore, there still appears to be an interest in repealing the law in the future.

Given this uncertainty, it makes sense for us to take steps now to improve our health now and stay healthy in the future. The good news is that a few simple lifestyle modifications, including being active, eating a healthy diet, managing stress, and quitting smoking, will go a long way towards promoting good health, regardless of what happens with the Affordable Care Act.

You can read more in my Health & Fitness column this week in the Aiken Standard.

From awareness to action: Steps to prevent breast cancer.

This is the last week of Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Through national and local education efforts we should be aware of the impact that breast cancer has on women and their families as well as steps to diagnose and treat this serious condition. We may also have contributed to events from bake sales to road races to support programs that aim to enhance research and treatment for women (and a few men, too) who are dealing with breast cancer.

Now that the pink ribbons are coming down and the NFL players are taking off their pink socks, it is time to focus on something that didn’t get as much attention over the past month: the prevention of breast cancer. This  is the topic of my Health & Fitness column in the Aiken Standard this week.

It turns out that there is a lot that women, especially young women, can do to prevent breast cancer. The good news is that these steps, including not smoking, eating a healthy diet, and getting regular exercise, can also reduce the risk of many other types of cancer as well as other serious health problems such as diabetes and heart disease.

The even better news is that these health behaviors can reduce the risk of breast cancer even in women who have a strong family history or other genetic predictors. Furthermore, these lifestyle factors, especially regular exercise, can help women better tolerate treatment and reduce the chance for cancer recurrence.

Unfortunately, breast cancer prevention doesn’t seem to get the same attention as diagnosis and treatment. In fact, a listing of topics on the National Breast Cancer Foundation Breast Cancer Awareness Month web page includes Early Detection, Diagnosis, Stages, Types, Treatment, but not prevention! This isn’t to say that detection and treatment aren’t important, but preventing breast cancer—something that would benefit ALL women—should be part of the conversation.